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This section contains a selection of our reference literature for reconstructions of the objects found from Hjortspring Mose.
Where it is a question of reconstruction of individual parts, such as e.g. shields, the sources are listed in that article.
The section on clothing is included here. However, this does not mean that any forms of clothing have been found in the bog!

The section is divided into: Finds, Tools, Clothing and Generally interesting from Prehistoric times.

Primary sources

The found

Hjortspringfundet.
Hjortspringfundet.

Hjortspringfundet

Nordiske Fortidsminder, III bind. 1. hefte, 1937.
Det Kgl. Nordiske Oldskriftselskab, 1937, København.

Content
  1. History of the find
  2. The bog
  3. Found objects
  4. The Hjortspringboat
  5. Dating and interpretation of the find

Plans
  • The Hjortspringboat under excavation. Overview images
  • Measurement of the boat by Fr. Johannessen
  • Master plan of the excavation with longitudinal section
G. Rosenberg.

Gustav Adolf Theodor Rosenberg (08.06.1872-04.12.1940)

G. Rosenberg was trained as a carver and sculptor. He later trained as a conservator.

As a conservator, G. Rosenberg was employed at the National Museum from 1895 - 1940.

He preserved both inorganic and organic materials. He was responsible for several large conservation projects, including the Hjortspring find, for which he was also the excavation manager. He could therefore already at the time of the excavation take all considerations into account for the subsequent conservation.

In 1917 he published a method for preserving iron and bronze and he worked intensively with galvanic and electrolytic methods for preserving metal. Rosenberg also developed and improved methods of preserving textiles.

Rosenberg carefully described his methods in his notebooks, much to the delight of his successors.

He was also the leader of the excavation of the Ladby ship, 1935 - 1937.
Da våbnene tav.
Da våbnene tav.

Da våbnene tav

Hjortspringfundet og dets baggrund.

Nationalmuseet
Nyt Nordisk Forlag
Arnold Busck
København 1988.
ISBN 87-17-06023-0

This book describes the find and its relationship to the Pre-Roman Iron Age and to the Celtic population of central Europe.

Content

  • Introduction
  • The found
  • Other weapon sacrifice finds and sacrifices from the time around the Hjortspring find
  • Arms and armament
  • Postscript
Flemming Kaul.

Flemming Kaul

Museum inspector, senior researcher National Museum of Antiquities of Denmark and the Mediterranean countries
Master of Arts, Dr. Phil. 2006-11-10:
Archaeologist from the National Museum defends doctoral dissertation, which uncovers approx. 3,000-year-old myths and concepts.

The myth of the sun's journey across the sky was the background for Bronze Age image makers. The horse, the snake and the ship let the sun travel through the day from night to day. It provided inspiration for the pictorial world that is now interpreted in Flemming Kaul's work "The Religion of the Bronze Age", which is accepted as a defense for the philosophical doctorate.

Studies of Nordic Bronze Age iconography
Nordic Memories of the Past, series B, vol. 22.

The picture is from DR's TV series: Historien om Danmark, Metallernes tid, 2017.
Både fra Danmarks Oldtid.
Både fra Danmarks Oldtid.

Både fra Danmarks Oldtid

Vikingeskibshallen
Roskilde 1988.
ISBN 87-85180-12-2

A description of found boats from the oldest times up to the year 800 with references to surrounding countries.
Flemming Rieck

Flemming Rieck

Museum director for Køge Museum, 2008 - 2014.
Prehistoric archaeology.
Marine Archaeology.
Led the excavations in Nydam Mose 1989 - 1999.
Ole Crumlin-Pedersen

Ole Crumlin-Pedersen (1935 - 2011)

In the period 1957-1962 excavated the Viking ships at Skuldelev in Roskilde Fjord together with colleague Olaf Olsen.

Was founder of the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde and head of the National Museum's Marine Research Center (NMF) in Roskilde.

He is also known as "the Grand Old Man" in Danish marine research.

Crumlin-Pedersen is widely recognized for his research as well as his role in presenting marine archeology to the public.

Has published a number of books and writings.

Has been the editor of the book series SHIPS AND BOATS OF THE NORTH.

In 2001, Ole Crumlin-Pedersen became an honorary doctor at the University of Copenhagen.
Hjortspring. Warfare and sacrifice in early Europe

Hjortspring

Warfare & Sacrifice in Early Europe
Klavs Randsborg

Klavs Randsborg (1944 - 2016)

Was a Danish archaeologist and professor at the University of Copenhagen.
His research focused on the Bronze Age and the Viking Age, and he wrote several books on the subject.

Værktøj

Conrad Engelhardt

Sønderjyske og fynske mosefund, Bind III
Kragehul Viemosefundene
Forlaget ZAC 1970
 

Poul Riis Svendsen

Blacksmith
Værktøjteknik - modeller
Notabene 1987
(DK91.1)
 

Gerhard Jacobi

Werkzeug und Gerat aus dem Oppidum von Manching
Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH
Wiesbaden 1974
 

Robert Thomsen

Et meget mærkeligt metal
Varde Staalværk 1975
Notabene 1987
ISBN 97 7499 284-9

 

Svend Nielsen

Søtoftegaard, et depotfund fra Nordsjælland med romerske importsager
Aarbøger for nordisk Oldkyndighed og historie 1984
Det Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab

 

Poul Vouga

La Tene
Monografie de la station publiee au nom de la commission des fouilles de la Tene
Kar W. Hiersemann
Leipzig 1923

 

Jørgen Lund

I en kælder ...
Skalk nr. 1 1978


Excavation of a cellar from the Celtic Iron Age in Overbygård, north of Limfjorden. The cellar had burned, while it was filled with stores and other well-preserved items, here among two period-typical single-edged swords and an ax with a shaft (page 9).
 

Steen Hvass

The Hodde settlement ...
 

Our clothing exhibition

There are many articles and books about the Iron Age.
As the subject of the exhibition is Iron Age clothing, we have chosen to refer to:
 

Elisabeth Munksgård

Oldtidsdragter
Nationalmuseet, København. 1974
 

Margrethe Hald

Olddanske tekstiler
Det Kgl. Nordiske Oldskriftselskab
Nordisk Forlag 1950
 

Klaus Ebbesen

Døden i mosen
Carlsens forlag. København, 1986
 

Linda Boye

Tøj og mode i oldtiden
P. Haase og Søns Forlag, København, 1986

 

Bonniers

Håndarbejds Leksikon
Bonniers Specialmagasiner A/S, København 1996

 

 

Related publications

Jørgen Jensen

Jørgen Jensen (1936 - 2008)

Jørgen Jensen (1936 - 2008) was a diligent writer and his four large volumes on Denmark's Antiquity were highly praised by all reviewers. The book spawned a number of literary awards for its high academic content – ​​and its clear and varied language.

Dr. phil. 1999, with the thesis: The end of the Bronze Age - a northern European perspective. Museum inspector at the National Museum, Denmark's Antiquities until his retirement in 2003. Amanuensis at the University of Copenhagen 1965-72. Mag. art. in prehistoric archeology 1963 (received the University of Copenhagen's gold medal in 1962).

Hjortspringbåden - gemt, men ikke glemt

Nationalmuseets Arbejdsmark, København, 1986
 

Danmarks Oldtid

Nordisk Forlag A/S, København
ISBN 87-00-30196-4 for den komplette samling (4 bind)
 

Danmarks Oldtid:
Stenalder, Bind 1

13.000 - 2.000 f.Kr.
2001
ISBN 87-00-49038-5
 

Danmarks Oldtid:
Bronzealder, Bind 2

2.000 - 500 f.Kr.
2002
ISBN 87-002-00331-7
 

Danmarks Oldtid:
Ældre Jernalder, Bind 3

500 f.Kr. - 400 e.Kr.
2003
87-02-00333-5

See more below
 

Danmarks Oldtid:
Yngre Jernalder og Vikingetid, Bind 4

400 e.Kr. - 1050 e.Kr.
2004
ISBN 87-02-0333-3


 

Ældre Jernalder, Bind 3 (Older Iron Age, Volume 3)

Has from page 67 to page 85 a full description of both the Hjortspring find and the testing of Tilia Alsie.

All four volumes can absolutely be recommended, both for the high professional level and for the good language.
There is a well-developed notation device, subject index, place and name index, literature and image index.
 

Harry Kahl, et al

Roar Linde 71
Hjortspringbåden som kulturaktivitet
Roskilde, 1971

A description of an earlier attempt to build the Hjortspringboat, from 26 June 1971 to 18 July of the same year!

The boat has been sailing!

P.V. Glob

Mosefolket,
Jernalderens mennesker bevaret i 2000 år

Gyldendal, København, 1965
ISBN 87-01-56201-0

A description of Iron Age people found in bogs in Denmark and other countries. It is worth mentioning that the age of the Grauballeman has been re-determined, by a non-destructive method with the tandem accelerator at Århus University in 1996, to the same time period as the Hjortspringboat - year 350 BC.

Anni Brøgger

Forlaget Mammut, 2003
ISBN 87-989416-0-7

Flemming Kaul, Inspector at the National Museum writes:
Egtvedpigens Dans is located in the exciting crossroads between science and art - between experimental archeology and communication, and it provides new perspectives for communicating and expanding our knowledge of the rich Nordic Bronze Age culture.

Anni Brøgger danced on Tilia Alsie at the celebration of the "rebirth" of the Grauball man in May 2000 in Silkeborg.

A DVD with the film "Egtvedpigens Dans" is included, duration 20 min.

Valdemar Dreyer

Hjortspring
H.C.Lorenzens Forlag, Nordborg, 1987
ISBN 87-88558-09-6

A collection of stories with Hjortspringgård, on whose land the Hjortspringbåden was found, as the center.
People have lived on the site for as long as there has been agriculture in Denmark, approximately 5,900 years.

The stories cover a 900-year period from 1086 to 1987.

Valdemar Dreyer

Nørreskoven på Als
Historisk Samfund for Als og Sundeved, 1992
ISBN 87153-09-2

Description of Nørreskoven on Als, especially the many finds from the past:
round and long dowels, cup stones, fortifications, ...
Hjortspringgård is a neighbor to the forest.

 

Lars Møller Andersen

Report from experimental project HAF 27/98

Attempts at reconstruction and testing of painted shields from weapon sacrifice finds.

 

Ole Nielsen

Shooting tests with Iron Age bows

Experimental Archaeology
Studies in technology and culture
No. 1 1991

Sejrens triumf Norden i skyggen af det romerske Imperium 

Catalog for the exhibition at the National Museum

Sejrens triumf Norden i skyggen af det romerske Imperium og Nydambåden - et krigsskib fra jernalderen
 2003-2004.
Germania

GERMANIA

Forestillinger om germanerne.

Commented and translated by
Allan A. Lund
1st edition, 2016
Published by the publisher Wormianum, Højbjerg Tidsskriftet Skalks forlag, www.skalk.dk
ISBN 978-87-89531-51-9

Preface

Tacitus's "Germania," originally written in the year 98, is a little book which, ever since the beginning of the 16th century, has been read with varying degrees of attention and varying benefit depending on who studied it. The Italian humanists had their point of view on the scripture and the learned Germans a slightly different one, which in retrospect seems nationalistic.
...

The book is 152 pages long, of which Tacitus' writing is 25 pages long! The rest are comments and notes.
Tacitus

Publius (eller Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca. 56-120 e.Kr)

Romersk historiker

Tacitus was born into a provincial family of the chivalry in northern Italy or southern Gaul. As a young man, he studied rhetoric to prepare for a career in law and politics.

When he was in his 20s, he married Julia Agricola, daughter of Gnaeus Julius Agricola. His father-in-law's exploits as governor of the province of Britannia were carefully covered in his works, and it is clear that there was a good relationship between the two.

He began his political career in 81 as a quaestor. He then continued through the cursus honorum and became known as a skilled orator and lawyer. It was noted that his name did not fit very well ("tacitus" means "quiet")1

Sources

1.  From Wikipedia
 

Language

The text in this article has been translated from Danish to English using the free DeepL translation programme.